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The calf muscle is made up of the gastrocnemius muscle which is the large muscle at the back of the lower leg and the soleus, a smaller one located just below the gastrocnemius. These muscles can become injured or torn due to overstretching or overuse. Calf strains are common in athletes, especially runners.

Pain management during rehabilitation is an important consideration to allow the person to begin moving the injured part as quickly as possible. Pain may lead to guarding of the affected part, resulting in disuse.

Fractures are common among athletes, children and the elderly, but anyone can suffer from a fracture. Many people think a fracture is not a serious condition. However a fracture is a broken bone, and as such it requires emergency attention.

You must have seen athletes warming up before their competitions. Why do they do it? Well, it has multiple benefits. If you have ever struggled with muscle soreness after exercise, maybe it was because you skipped the warm-up.

The warm-up depends on the sport, your ages and level of activity. However, at minimum you need…

Good posture is not just good for your appearance; it affects your general health as well. Poor posture can contribute to back, neck and shoulder pain, headaches, nerve impingement leading to upper and lower limb pain and weakness as well as fatigue, breathing difficulties, indigestion and sleep problems. Physiotherapists are very concerned about the posture of their patients, as it can make a huge difference in a person’s recovery…

Compartment syndrome is a condition caused by swelling within the space or “compartment” that contains muscles, nerves, blood vessels and bones. Pressure on arteries, veins and nerves causes severe pain and slows the circulation to these parts potentially causing permanent damage. Acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention. Chronic compartment syndrome is…

The most common type of ankle sprain occurs when the ankle rolls so that the sole of the foot faces inwards. This is called an inversion sprain, it involves the lateral ligaments of the ankle and is one of the most common injuries we treat as physiotherapists.

The Achilles tendon connects your calf muscles to your heel, allowing you to walk, run and jump. Achilles tendinopathy, strain of the Achilles tendon, is a common injury that may affect runners, or people with overpronated (flat) feet or those with high arches or tight calf muscles as well as those who wear runners that are not an appropriate biomechanical fit for them. Some people may have a protruding heel bone (calcaneus) which pulls the Achilles tendon into a position where it is more likely to be strained.

A popular rule of thumb is that every kilo of weight loss is equivalent to four less kilos of pressure on a knee afflicted with joint osteoarthritis. For obese people in particular, this can make a world of difference…

Scar tissue and muscle adhesions can be a major cause of dysfunction in athletes and people who are very active. Swimming, bowling and computer use are some activities that eventually lead to muscle adhesions as a result of overuse. These muscle adhesions cause pain and stiffness and may also restrict range of motion. Scar tissue, which helps the body to heal, creates other problems by replacing the healthy tissue and shortening the muscles…